![]() New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 40(3), 217–225. Secondary poisoning risks from 1080-poisoned carcasses and risk of trophic transfer – a review. However, invertebrates are not likely to encounter 1080 baits used in New Zealand as they do not seek them for food. The lethal concentration for rainbow trout is 54 mg/litre of water or three fully dissolved baits per litre of water (Hansford, 2016).ġ080 has the potential to kill invertebrates – it has been used as an insecticide for the control of fleas, wasps and aphids. Fish also have very low sensitivity to 1080. They are more likely to neutralise and excrete the toxin. Reptiles and amphibians have slower metabolism and are less sensitive to fluorocitrate. The LD 50 for rats and possums is 1.2 mg/kg (Eason et al., 2013) and 1.4 mg/kg for a ferret ( Hansford, 2016). Dogs are particularly susceptible to 1080, and their LD 50 is a mere 0.07 mg of 1080 per kilogram of body weight ( Eason et al., 2013). LD 50 is a general indicator of a substance’s toxicity within a short space of time. Dogs and other non-target species can also be affected by secondary poisoning. Stoats and ferrets are killed by secondary poisoning – from eating rats or possums that have recently eaten 1080. Aerial operations use less than 2 kilograms of bait per hectare. Others say that, even though 1080 causes suffering, it’s still necessary if we are to protect our native ecosystems as well as control the spread of bovine TB.įor pest control purposes in New Zealand, the recommended amount is 1.5 grams of 1080 per kilogram of bait (1.5 g/kg). ![]() On the other hand, some people argue that introduced pests inflict suffering when they predate native birds and other creatures. Most commonly used poisons are also grades 6–8. The National Animal Welfare Advisory Committee rates poisons from most humane (grade 1) to least humane (grade 8). Most forms of pest control that use poison (whether in bait stations or from aerial operations) cause some suffering. There is no antidote to 1080, but inducing vomiting in dogs as quickly as possible may save their lives. Carnivores – like dogs, ferrets and stoats – may experience convulsions, spasms, vomiting and paralysis. Possums become lethargic and usually die within 5–40 hours. With larger mammals, it takes about 3 hours. Small animals usually begin to show symptoms within half an hour. Carnivores usually die of respiratory failure. As a result, the body’s organs begin to fail. Because of this, the body’s cells cannot convert food into energy (the process of cellular respiration). Fluoroacetate is then converted to its acid form – fluorocitrate – which affects the function of several enzymes in the cell mitochondria. The sodium ion (Na +) dissociates (separates) from the fluoroacetate. Once within the body, it goes through several chemical changes. The chemical formula for sodium fluoroacetate (1080) is CH 2FCOONa. ![]() The websites PubChem and INCHEM have more detailed chemical information. The names reflect old scientific naming protocols, common names and brand names. There are also different names – sodium monofluoroacetate, SFA and compound 1080 – for example. Differing molecular formulae refer to the structure of sodium fluoroacetate, or its solid or dissolved states. Science is usually straightforward and consistent, so it may be confusing to see a variety of formulae and terminology regarding sodium fluoroacetate. ![]()
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